O Ak , Fire , and Global Change in the Eastern Usa : What Might the Future Hold ?
نویسندگان
چکیده
The pace of environmental and socioeconomic change over the past 100 years has been rapid. Changes in fire regimes, climate, and land use have shaped the structure and function of most forest ecosystems, including oak (Quercus spp. L.) forests in the eastern United States. New stressors such as air pollution and invasive species have contributed to and interacted with climate and fire to alter current forest conditions. While changing fire regimes have altered species composition of the current forest, oak regeneration is constrained by many factors that may affect future forests. Over the remainder of the twenty-first century, an accelerating pace of climate and socioeconomic changes will influence the future range of variation in eastern oak forests. Some of these impacts will be direct, such as changes in tree growth rates, while other impacts will be indirect, such as new disturbance regimes. While it is likely that fire will be important in shaping oak forests in the twenty-first century, it is less clear exactly what that role will be. For example, it is uncertain whether our current scientific knowledge on the use of prescribed fire in oak forests will be applicable under RESUMEN El ritmo de los cambios ambientales y socioeconómicos en los últimos 100 años ha sido rápido. Cambios en los regímenes de fuego, en el clima y en el uso de la tierra han modelado la estructura y función de la mayoría de los ecosistemas boscosos incluyendo los bosques de roble (Quercus spp. L.) en el este de los EEUU. Nuevos agentes de estrés como la contaminación del aire y las especies invasoras han contribuido e interactuado con el clima y el fuego para alterar las condiciones actuales reinantes en el bosque. Mientras que el cambio en los regímenes de fuego han alterado la composición de especies en el bosque actual, la regeneración del roble está condicionada por varios factores que podrían afectar los bosques futuros. En lo que queda del siglo XXI, un ritmo acelerado de cambios climáticos y socioeconómicos influirán en el futuro rango de variación en los bosques orientales de roble. Algunos de estos impactos van a ser directos, como cambios en las tasas de crecimiento, mientras que otros impactos van a ser indirectos como nuevos regímenes de disturbios. Si bien es muy probable que el fuego sea un importante modelador de los bosques de roble en el siglo XXI, no está tan claro cuál será su rol. Por ejemplo, es incierto si nuestro conocimiento científico actual sobre el uso de quemas prescriptas Fire Ecology Volume 12, Issue 2, 2016 doi: 10.4996/fireecology.1202160 Vose and Elliott: Fire, Oak, and Global Change
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